VITAMINA D3
-Aumenta la Densita' Ossea (soprattutto in Eta' Premenopausale nella donna)
Effetti Calciotropi (Fissazione del Calcio,Controllo nella Mineralizzazione Ossea)
-Migliora la Performance Fisica
-Minor rischio di cadute
-Riduce il Rischio di Fratture
-Riduce la Mortalita' Generale (Meta-analisi Autier P, Gandini S. Vitamin D supplementation and total mortality. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167: 1730-7) -Un Deficit di Vitamina D porta a problemi Cardiovascolari-Stimola la Produzione di Proteine Muscolari
Attiva alcuni meccanismi di trasporto del calcio a livello del reticolo sarcoplasmatico,essenziali nelle contrazioni muscolari -Preventiva per quanto concerne la Sindrome Metabolica (controllo sulla Secrezione Insulinica)
-IMMUNOSTIMOLANTE (modulazione dei Linfociti,le Cellule del Sistema Immunitario)-Ruolo protettivo e di controllo dell'attivita' di malattia in corso di artrite reumatoide e nell'attenuare le conseguenti condizioni di disabilita'
-Una situazione di sovrappeso/obesita' e' associata a bassi livelli sierici di Vitamina D (Infatti il sovrappeso e l'obesita' sono fattori di rischio per varie patologie,come le malattie cardiovascolari,oncologiche e appunto metaboliche) Orbach H, Zandman-Goddard G, Amital H, Barak V, Szekanecz Z, Szucs G, et al. Novel biomarkers in autoimmune diseases: prolactin, ferritin, vitamin D, and TPA levels in autoimmune diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1109: 385-400
Merlino LA, Curtis J, Mikuls TR, Cerhan JR, Criswell LA, Saag KG. Vitamin D intake is inversely associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 50: 72-7
Pittas AG, LauJ, Hu FB, Dawson-Hughes B. Review: the role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 2017-29
Zipitis CS, Akobeng AK. Vitamin D supplementation in early childhood and risk of type 1 diabetes : a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child 2008; 93: 512-7 Congresso Europeo sull’Obesità ECO 2015 Lee JH, O’Keefe JH, Bell D, Hensrud DD, Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency an important, common and easily treatable cardiovascular risk factor? J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52: 1949-56 Scragg RK, Camargo CA Jr, Simpson RU. Relation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D to heart rate and cardiac work (from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys). Am J Cardiol 2010; 105: 122-8
Pittas AG, Chung M, Trikalinos T, Mitri J, Brendel M, Patel K, et al. Systematic review: Vitamin D and cardiometabolic outcomes. Ann Intern Med 2010; 152: 327-9
Wang TJ, Pencina MJ, Booth SL, Jacques PF, Ingelsson E, Lanier K, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2008; 117: 503-11
Pilz S, Marz W, Wellnitz B, Seelhorst U, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Dimai HP, et al. Association of vitamin D deficiency with heart failure and sudden cardiac death in a large cross-sectional study of patients referred for coronary angiography. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93: 3927-35
Pilz S, Dobnig H, Fisher JE, Wellnitz B, Seelhorst U, Boehm BO, et al. Low vitamin d levels predict stroke in patients referred to coronary angiography. Stroke 2008; 3: 2611-3
Melamed ML Michos ED, Post W, Astor B. 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of mortality in the general population. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168: 1629-37 Dobnig H, Pilz S, Scharnagl H, Renner W, Seelhorst U, Wellnitz B, et al. Independent association of low serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168: 1340-9 Pilz S, Dobnig H, Nijpels G, Heine RJ, Stehouwer CDA, Snijdert MB, et al. Vitamin D and mortality in older men and women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2010; 71: 666-72 Miichaelsson K, Baron JA, Snellman G, Gedeborg R, Byberg L, Sundstrom J, et al. Plasma vitamin D and mortality in older men: a community-based prospective cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 92: 841-8 Autier P, Gandini S. Vitamin D supplementation and total mortality. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167: 1730-7 Bolland MJ, Avenell A, Baron JA, Grey A, MacLennan GS, Gamble GD, et al. Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis. BMJ 2010; 341: c3691 Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Wong JB, Stuck AE, Staehelin HB, Orav EJ, et al. Prevention of nonvertebral fractures with oral vitamin D and dose dependency: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169: 551-61 DIPART Group. Patient level pooled analysis of 68500 patients from seven major vitamin D fracture trials in US and Europe. BMJ 2010: 340: b5463
Norman AW. From vitamin D to hormone D: fundamentals of the vitamin D endocrine system essential for good health. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 88: 491S-499S
Heaney RP, Davies KM, Chen TC, Holick MF, Barger-Lux MJ. Human serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol response to extended oral dosing with cholecalciferol. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77: 204-1
Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. New Engl J Med 2007; 357: 266-81 Ramagopalan SV, Heger A, Berlanga AJ, Maugeri NJ, Linoln MR, Burrell A, et al. A ChIP-seq defined genome-wide map of vitamin D receptor binding: associations with disease and evolution. Genome Res 2010; 20: 1352-60
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Borchers M, Gudat F, Durmuller U, Stahelin HB, Dick W. Vitamin D receptor expression in human muscle tissue decreases with age. J Bone Miner Res 2004; 19: 265-9
LeBoff MS, Hawkes WG, Glowacki J, Yu-Yahiro J, Hurwitz S, Magaziner J. Vitamin D-deficiency and post-fracture changes in lower extremity function and falls in women with hip fractures. Osteoporos Int 2008; 19: 1283-90
Dam T-TL, von Muhlen D, Barrett-Connor EL. Sex-specific association of serum vitamin D levels with physical function in older adults. Osteoporos Int 2009; 20: 751-60
Zhu K, Austin N, Devine A, Bruce D, Prince RL. A randomized controlled trial of the effects of vitamin D on muscle strength and mobility in older women with vitamin D insufficiency. J Am Geriatr Soc 2010; 58: 2063-8
Stockton KA, Mengersen K, Paratz JD, Kandiah D, Bennell KL. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22: 859-71
Cameron ID, Murray GR, Gillespie LD, Robertson MC, Hill KD, Cumming RG, et al. Interventions for preventing falls in older people in nursing care facilities and hospitals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 1: CD005465
Kalyani RR, Stein B, Valiyil R, Manno R, Maynard JW, Crews DC. Vitamin D treatment for the prevention of falls in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAGS 2010; 58: 1299-310
Michael YL, Whitlock EP, Lin JS, Fu R, O’Connor EA, Gold R. Primary Care-Relevant interventions to prevent falling in older adults: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2010; 153: 815-25
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dawson-Hughes B, Staehelin HB, Orav JE, Stuck AE, Theiler R, et al. Fall prevention with supplemental and active forms of vitamin D: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2009; 339: b3692
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Van der Wielen RP, Lowik MR, van den Berg H, de Groot LC, Haller J, Moreiras O, et al. Serum vitamin D concentrations among elderly people in Europe. Lancet 1995; 346: 207-10
Kuchuk NO, van Schoor NM, Pluijm SM, Chines A, Lips P. Vitamin D status, parathyroid function, bone turnover, and BMD in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: global perspective. J Bone Miner Res 2009; 24: 693-701
Orwoll E, Nielson CM, Marshall LM, Lambert L, Holton KF, Hoffman AR, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94: 1214-22
Maggio D, Cherubini A, Lauretani F, Russo RC, Bartali B, Pierandrei M, et al. 25(OH)D serum levels decline with age earlier in women than in men and less efficiently prevent compensatory hyperparathyroidism in older adults. J Gerontol 2005; 60A: 1414-9
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